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Gender and Birth Cohort Differences in Take-up and Benefit Adequacy in the Korean National Pension System
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ÇÑÁ¤¸²(Han Jeong-Lim) - ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý¿¬±¸¿ø
¿ìÇغÀ(Woo Hae-Bong) - Çѱ¹º¸°Ç»çȸ¿¬±¸¿ø
Abstract
±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý ¼ö±Þ·ü°ú ±Þ¿© ¼öÁØÀ» ºÐ¸®Çؼ °ËÅäÇÑ ¼±Çà ¿¬±¸µé°ú ´Þ¸® º» ¿¬±¸´Â ±¹¹Î ¿¬±Ý »ç°¢Áö´ë¿Í ±Þ¿© ¼öÁØÀÇ ÀûÁ¤¼º ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÅäÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý DBÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ °¡ÀÔ ÀÌ·ÂÀ» È°¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÐ¼®ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» Á¦°íÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý °¡ÀÔÀÌ·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â °³ÀεéÀ» ºÐ¼®¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ºÐ¼® °á°úÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¼ºÀ» ³ôÀÌ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ºÐ¼® °á°ú´Â ¼ºº° ¹× Ãâ»ýÄÚȣƮº°·Î ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý ¼ö±Þ·ü°ú ±Þ¿© ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ »ó´çÇÑ º¯ÀÌ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱâ Ãâ»ýÄÚȣƮÀÇ °æ¿ì ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý ¼ö±Þ·üÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ³·Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®µÇ°í Àִµ¥, ƯÈ÷ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý »ç°¢Áö´ë ±Ô¸ð°¡ ¸Å¿ì Å« °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é 1970³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ Ãâ»ýÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý ¼ö±Þ·üÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ³ô°Ô Çü¼ºµÊÀ¸·Î½á ±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý »ç°¢Áö´ë ´ë½Å ±Þ¿© ¼öÁØÀÇ ÀûÁ¤¼º ¹®Á¦°¡ º¸´Ù Áß ¿äÇÑ À̽´°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ºÐ¼® °á°ú´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Çö ±¹¹Î¿¬±ÝÁ¦µµ°¡ ³ëÈļҵ溸Àå ¼öÁØÀÇ ºÒÃæºÐ¼º ±×¸®°í ºÒ±ÕÇüÇÑ ¼ö±Þ-ºÎ´ã ±¸Á¶¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ Àå±â ÀçÁ¤ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤À̶ó´Â ÀÌÁßÀû µµÀü¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
In addition to investigating both the take-up and benefit adequacy of the Korean national pension program, this study improves the accuracy and representativeness of results by using a sample from the Korean National Pension Database combined with a sample of cohort members without contribution histories at baseline. This study finds substantial variation in take-up and benefit level across gender and birth cohorts. The data indicate that take-up rates remain low among those born in earlier cohorts, in particular women. However, cohort members born after 1970s show much higher take-up rates, indicating that benefit adequacy could be a more fundamental issue in old-age income security. Finally, the results indicate that the Korean national pension program faces the dual challenge of benefit inadequacy and long-term fiscal instability due to the unbalanced contribution-benefit structure combined with fast population aging.
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±¹¹Î¿¬±Ý, ¼ö±Þ·ü, ±Þ¿© ÀûÁ¤¼º
Korean National Pension, take-up, benefit adequacy
KMID :
1124020140300020401
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