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A Study on the Regulation for Protecting Human Subjects in Stem Cell Research and TranslationalResearch
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¹Ú¼öÇå(Park Soo-Hun) - ¼÷¸í¿©ÀÚ´ëÇб³ ¹ý°ú´ëÇÐ ¹ýÇкÎ
Abstract
¡¸Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸ ±¹Á¦»çȸ¡¹(International Society for Stem Cell Research, ISSCR)¿Í¡¸¹Ì±¹ ±¹°¡ °úÇпø¡¹(National Academy of Science, NAS)Àº Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸¿Í Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÐ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» °¢°¢ Á¦Á¤ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÇàÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, 2008³â ISSCR °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦ ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼ Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ °üÇÑ °ËÅä ´ë»óÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦¸ðµ¨°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿©, 2005³â NAS °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº µ¶¸³ ±â±¸ÀΡ¸¹è¾ÆÁٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸ °¨µ¶ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â À§¿øÈ¸¡¹(Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight, ESCRO À§¿øÈ¸) ¼³¸³À» ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇàÇØÁö´Â ÇØ´ç ±â°üÀÇ Àǹ«»çÇ×À¸·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´°í, 2007³â ÀÌÈÄ Á¦Á¤µÈ °¡À̵å¶óÀε鿡¼´Â ±× À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ ¼³Ä¡Àǹ«¸¦ ¿ÏÈÇÏ¿© ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇØ´ç ¿¬±¸±â°ü¿¡ ÀÌ À§¿øÈ¸¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°í ´Ù¸¥ ±â°ü¿¡¼ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ À§¿øÈ¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϰųª ÅëÇտÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, 2006³â ISSCR °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº º°µµÀÇ ESCRO À§¿øÈ¸ ¼³Ä¡¸¦ Àǹ«ÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å, Ưº° °¨µ¶ ¸ÅÄ¿´ÏÁò ¶Ç´Â ±â±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸°¨µ¶(Stem Cell Research Oversight, SCRO)À̶ó´Â ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ÅëÇØ Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸¸¦ ±ÔÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµ¨·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù. Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸ðµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ½ÇÇè½Ç ¿¬±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖÃÊ Àΰ£´ë»ó ¿¬±¸¿Í ´ë±Ô¸ð ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè¿¡ À̸£´Â ¼øÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁö´Â ´Ü°èº° ÀýÂ÷°¡ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ¿©, Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç ÀüÅëÀû ¿¬±¸ À±¸® ÆÐ·¯´ÙÀÓÀ» Àß ´Ùµë¾î »ó¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÃëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, 2008³â ISSCR °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº ÇöÁ¸ Àӻ󿬱¸ °¨µ¶ ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁò¿¡ Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¡ °üÇÑ Àü¹®¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ À§¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè °èȹ¼¸¦ ½ÉÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï º¸¿ÏÀû ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦½ÃÇØ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ÀüÀӻ󿬱¸¿¡¼´Â ƯÈ÷ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ µ¿·áÀü¹®°¡ ½É»çÀÇ Á߿伺À» °Á¶ÇØ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª¾Æ°¡, Àΰ£¹è¾ÆÁٱ⼼Æ÷ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ µµ´öÀû ³íÀï »óÅÂ¿Í Àΰ£À¸·Î µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´ø ¹è¾ÆÁٱ⼼Æ÷ÀÇ ¿î¸í°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼º¿¡ µû¶ó¼, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±ÙµéÀº ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ Á¤º¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ µ¿ÀÇÀýÂ÷»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áٱ⼼Æ÷ ±â¹Ý ÁßÀ縦 ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤¹ÐÇϰí Àå±â°£ÀÇ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸µµ °Á¶ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼, Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦¸ðµ¨À» ±ÔÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Â 2008³â ISSCR °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀº ȯÀÚµéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇÏ°í º¯È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇÑ Àӻ󿬱¸°¡ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ÀÌÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ȯÀÚµéÀÇ º¸È£, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â Ä¡·áÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀ» À§ÇØ ±ÕÇüÀâÈù ÇൿÀ» À§ÇÑ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù ÇϰڴÙ.
NAS and ISSCR have enacted two guidelines focusing regulatory models for protecting human subjects in stem cell research and stem cell translational research. Especially, 2008 ISSCR Guidelines would be the subject and be examined for protecting human subjects in stem cell translational research in this article. In order to provide regulatory models for protecting human subjects in the stem cell research, 2005 NAS Guidelines has required independent ESCRO Committee as a duty of the institutions for establishing and use of human embryonic stem cell lines. However, 2007 NAS Guidelines has reduced this strict obligation by using another institution¡¯s ESCRO Committees. On the part of 2006 ISSCR Guidelines, it was not required as a duty of institution for establishing ESCRO Committee. Instead, this guideline provided that special SCRO Procedure not ESCRO Committee was enough to give approval to the stem cell research. In regard to stem cell translational research, stepwise process is assumed and based on the traditional research ethics paradigms. 2008 ISSCR Guidelines suggested that stem cell specific experts could review stem cell research protocols. And, in pre-clinical trials for stem cell translational research, the use of independent peer review was stressed. In addition, informed consent and long-term monitoring to the patients should be obtained and taken in order to resolve uncertainties in the embryonic stem cell. Thus, 2008 ISSCR Guidelines has to play an important role as starting point balancing treatment and innovation.
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¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÚ º¸È£, Áٱ⼼Æ÷¿¬±¸, Áٱ⼼Æ÷ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦, Áٱ⼼Æ÷ Áß°³¿¬±¸, ESCRO À§¿øÈ¸, SCRO ÀýÂ÷
ESCRO Committee, Protection of Human Subjects, Regulation of Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Translational Research, SCRO Procedure
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