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Present and Future of Tuberculosis Research from the Perspective of Social Determinants of Tuberculosis in South Korea

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ÃÖÈ«Á¶(Choi Hong-Jo) - °í·Á´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø º¸°Ç°úÇаú
±è¸íÈñ(Kim Myoung-Hee) - ½Ã¹Î°Ç°­ÁõÁø¿¬±¸¼Ò
Á¤ÇýÁÖ(Chung Hae-Joo) - °í·Á´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø º¸°Ç°úÇаú

Abstract

Çѱ¹Àº OECD±¹°¡ Áß °áÇÙ ¹ß»ý·ü, »ç¸Á·ü, ´ÙÁ¦³»¼º°áÇٹ߻ý·üÀÌ 1À§ÀÎ ¸¸Å­ °áÇÙÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Áúº´ºÎ´ãÀÌ »ó´çÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °áÇÙÀÇ »çȸÀû °áÁ¤¿äÀÎÀ» Ž±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀº ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â ù°, 2000³â ÀÌÈÄ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÙÀÇ »çȸÀû °áÁ¤¿äÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁõ ¿¬±¸µéÀÇ ÇöȲÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ°í ±× ¼º°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. µÑ°, 1990³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °áÇÙ ¿¬±¸ µ¿ÇâÀ» »ìÆ캸°í, »çȸÀû °áÁ¤¿äÀΰú °ü·ÃÇÑ ±¹Á¦Àû ¿¬±¸ È帧¿¡ ºñÃß¾î ¾î¶°ÇÑ À¯»çÁ¡°ú Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ËÅä °á°ú¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿©, ±Ù°Å±â¹Ý °áÇÙ Á¤Ã¥ °³¹ßÀ» À§ÇØ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °áÇÙ¿¬±¸°¡ ´õ¿í °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÒ ¹æÇâÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â °áÇÙÀÇ ±â¿©ÀÎÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÁ¸ ¹®ÇåÀÇ À¯ÇüÇ¥¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁ¤µÈ À¯ÇüÇ¥¿¡ µû¶ó ü°èÀû ¹®Çå°íÂûÀ» ÁøÇàÇϸç, °Ë»ö¾î·Î Á¦¸ñ¿¡ ¡®tuberculosis¡¯, ÁÖÁ¦¾î¿¡ ¡®social determinant¡¯°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ±¹¿Ü¹®Çåµé°ú, ¡®tuberculosis¡¯¿Í ¡®Korea¡¯ ȤÀº ¡®Korean¡¯ÀÌ Á¦¸ñ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ±¹³»¹®ÇåµéÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±¹¿Ü¿¬±¸ °ËÅä °á°ú, 2°³ÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀº °³ÀÎÇൿ¿äÀÎ, 9°³ÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀº ¹®È­Àû ¿äÀÎ, 22°³ÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀº Á¤Ä¡/°æÁ¦/Á¦µµÀû ¿äÀΰú °áÇÙÀÇ °ü·Ã¼ºÀ» ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹³»¿¬±¸ °ËÅä °á°ú, 42°³ÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀÌ »ýÀÇÇÐÀû¿äÀο¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿´À¸¸ç, °³ÀÎÇൿ¿äÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ 3°³ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿Í Á¤Ä¡/°æÁ¦/Á¦µµÀû ¿äÀÎÀ» Ž±¸ÇÑ 1°³ÀÇ ¹®Çå, ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î À¯ÇüÇ¥¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®ÇåÀÌ 5°³ È®ÀεǾú´Ù.
Çѱ¹ °áÇÙ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °æÇâÀº »ýÀÇÇÐÀû ¿äÀÎÀÇ Å½±¸¿¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÁߵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °áÇÙÀÇ »çȸÀû °áÁ¤¿äÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸¸¦ À§ÇØ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸î °¡Áö Ãø¸éÀÌ °í·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ù°, »ýÀÇÇÐÀû ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ´ÙÁ¦³»¼º°áÇÙ ¹ß»ý·üÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÇâÈÄ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÑ°, °áÇÙ°ü·Ã Á¤Ã¥À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â º¸°ÇÀÇ·áÁßÀç¿Í ÀÌÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­ °áÇÙ°ü·Ã ÁöÇ¥ÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸´Â ¹°·Ð, Çѱ¹ °áÇÙÁ¶»çü°èÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸µµ º¸´Ù Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦±âµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ¼¼°è ȤÀº ±¹³» °æÁ¦ ¿©°ÇÀÇ º¯È­°¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °áÇÙÁöÇ¥¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±àÁ¤Àû ȤÀº ºÎÁ¤Àû ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿Í ÇÔ²² À̸¦ Á¶Àý ¹× ¸Å°³ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷µµ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Â°, °áÇÙ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀû ³«ÀÎÀÇ Á¸Àç È®ÀÎÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼­ ³«ÀÎÀ» ¾ß±âÇϴ ȤÀº ³«ÀÎÀ» ÅëÇØ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °áÇÙ°ü·Ã °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ÁÖ¸ñÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Ä¡·áÁß´ÜÀ̶ó´Â ³·Àº Ä¡·á¼øÀÀµµ¸¦ ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â »çȸÀû ¿äÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Background: Korea is a country with intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden and the highest incidence, mortality and multidrug-resistant TB incidence in OECD countries. Little attention has been paid to explore social determinants of TB in Korea. The study primarily intends to review the present status of TB research focusing on social determinants. Secondly, the study aims to compare international TB research with domestic situation in terms of social determinants of TB. Finally, based on the study results, we recommend a few suggestions to develop evidence-based TB policy in Korea.

Method: The study constructs a modified typology of TB contributory factors. Based on the typology, systematic literature review is conducted with keywords using ¡®tuberculosis¡¯ in title and ¡®social determinants¡¯ in keyword among international studies and ¡®tuberculosis¡¯ and ¡®Korea¡¯ or ¡®Korean¡¯ in title through ¡®Web of Science¡¯.

Result: In international studies, two articles are focused on individual behavioral factors, nine are cultural factors, and 22 are political, economic and institutional factors. In domestic studies, 42 studies are performed in the area of bio-medical perspective. Three studies include individual behavioral factors, 1 study is related to political, economic and institutional factors. Five domestic studies cannot be categorized to the typology.

Conclusion: Korean TB studies are highly concentrated to bio-medical area. To explore social determinants of TB in Korea, following issues should be considered. Firstly, multidrug-resistant TB is a still crucial issue to be examined.
Secondly, the effect of health intervention including TB policy and its relation with the change of TB statistic should be studied and researches to standardize surveillance system would be required. Thirdly, TB derived stigma

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Tuberculosis, Social Determinant of Health, Health Policy, Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
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DOI
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ICD 03
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