Ralph, Paul; Baltes, Sebastian; Adisaputri, Gianisa; Torkar, Richard; Kovalenko, Vladimir; Kalinowski, Marcos; Novielli, Nicole; Yoo, Shin; Devroey, Xavier; Tan, Xin; Zhou, Minghui; Turhan, Burak; Hoda, Rashina; Hata, Hideaki; Robles, Gregorio; Milani Fard, Amin; Alkadhi, Rana
Empirical software engineering
2020Sep ; 6 ( 3 ) :1-35.
PMID : 32952438
ÀúÀÚ »ó¼¼Á¤º¸
Ralph, Paul -
Baltes, Sebastian -
Adisaputri, Gianisa -
Torkar, Richard -
Kovalenko, Vladimir -
Kalinowski, Marcos -
Novielli, Nicole -
Yoo, Shin -
Devroey, Xavier -
Tan, Xin -
Zhou, Minghui -
Turhan, Burak -
Hoda, Rashina -
Hata, Hideaki -
Robles, Gregorio -
Milani Fard, Amin -
Alkadhi, Rana -
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: As a novel coronavirus swept the world in early 2020, thousands of software developers began working from home. Many did so on short notice, under difficult and stressful conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on developers' wellbeing and productivity. METHOD: A questionnaire survey was created mainly from existing, validated scales and translated into 12 languages. The data was analyzed using non-parametric inferential statistics and structural equation modeling.
RESULTS: The questionnaire received 2225 usable responses from 53 countries. Factor analysis supported the validity of the scales and the structural model achieved a good fit (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.067). Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers' wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Exploratory analysis suggests that: (1) women, parents and people with disabilities may be disproportionately affected; (2) different people need different kinds of support.
CONCLUSIONS: To improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee wellbeing and improving the ergonomics of employees' home offices. Women, parents and disabled persons may require extra support. CI - ??The Author(s) 2020.
keyword
COVID-19; Crisis management; Disaster management; Emergency management; Pandemic; Productivity; Questionnaire; Software development; Structural equation modeling; Wellbeing; Work from home
¸µÅ©