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Frailty Index is Associated with Adverse Outcomes after Aortic Valve Replacement in Elderly Patients

Journal of Korean Medical Science 2019년 34권 31호 p.205 ~ p.205

손봉연(Sohn Bong-Yeon) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
최재웅(Choi Jae-Woong) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
황호영(Hwang Ho-Young) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
장명진(Jang Myoung-Jin) - Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Collaborating Center
김경환(Kim Kyung-Hwan) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
김기봉(Kim Ki-Bong) - Seoul National University Hospital Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of the frailty index based on routine laboratory data (FI-L) in elderly patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

Methods: A total of 154 elderly patients (≥ 75 years) (78.7 ± 3.6 years; men:women = 78:76) who underwent aortic valve replacement with stented bioprosthesis between 2001 and 2018 were enrolled. The FI-L was calculated as the proportion of abnormal results out of 32 items based on laboratory tests, pulse rate and blood pressure. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included operative mortality and aortic valve-related events (AVREs) during follow-up. The predictive values of FI-L for the early and late outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 40 months (interquartile, 15?74).

Results: The operative mortality rate was 3.9% (n = 6). Late death occurred in 29 patients. The overall survival (OS) rates at 5, 10, and 15 years were 83.3%, 59.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. The AVREs occurred in 28 patients and the freedom rates from AVREs at 5, 10, and 15 years were 79.4%, 72.7%, and 52.9%, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that FI-L was a significant factor for OS (hazard ratio, 1.075; 95% confidence interval, 1.040?1.111). A minimal P value approach showed that a FI-L of 25% was the best cutoff value to predict OS after SAVR.

Conclusion: The FI-L is significantly associated with early and long-term outcomes after SAVR in elderly patients. Frailty rather than a patient's age should be considered in the decision-making process for SAVR in elderly patients.